OT:Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia(BHS; revised 1990 edition).NT:Novum Testamentum Graece(Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament, 26th edition). 56 days ago, - Soden's edition stands much closer to the text of Tischendorf than to the text of Westcott and Hort. and it progressed into the most corrupt period for the Church (priests to the popes: stealing, sexual sins, torture, and murder); so much so, it ends with the Reformation. It is generally believed that these were from the 50 that Eusebius prepared for Constantine. The most recent is the Syrian, or Byzantine text-type (eastern), of which the newest example is the Textus Receptus and thus from the critical text view is less likely reliable. 5 days ago, - Burgon, Miller, and Scrivener in their second argument maintained that the Byzantine text was used by the church for far more centuries, which proved its integrity, as God would never allow the church to use a corrupt text. This is similar to 1 but not exactly the same. The Revised Version of the KJV, published in 1881, reflects this increased knowledge. The KJV translators did not know this and sometimes mistranslated words because of this lack of understanding. www.wayoflife.org/about/makeanoffering.html. All editions of Nestle-Aland remain close in textual character to the text WH. or condemn the translators as the spawn of Satan or Lucifers dupes as I have read on occasion. It pays his bills and buys his books!! The KJV translators did not know this and sometimes mistranslated words because of this lack of understanding. Plus Calvin wasnt involved in Bible translation work that is significant for today. #3. Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition, Masoretic Text (Biblia Hebraica), Textus Receptus Greek text, Popular Messianic Translation by the Institute for Scripture Research, This version is based on a limited 3000 word vocabulary and everyday sentence structure it is also known as the Plain English Bible, the International English Bible, and the God Chasers Extreme New Testament. ) Riplinger, pg 623, Westcott I shall aim at what is transcendental in many peoples eyes. - "About" David Cloud The archaic language detracts from its use and understandability. Has literal English meanings based on the Greek roots. Book Submission for Christian Publishing House, https://www.logos.com/product/46572/studies-in-the-theory-and-method-of-new-test, View all posts by Christian Publishing House. 2.5-6, 31), Readings are approved or rejected by reason of the quality, and not the number, of their supporting witnesses. "For the scripture saith, Thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn. They started the "Ghostly Guild" in 1851 and before that the "Hermes Club" in 1845. An update to the 1966 Jerusalem Bible which uses more extensive gender neutral language, New Jewish Publication Society of America Version. Riplinger links the spiritualist teachings of Westcott and Hort to the occult teachings of Madame Helena P. Blavatsky who wrote the Lucifer magazine. CAN WE TRUST THE WESTCOTT AND HORT 1881 GREEK TEXT? The baseline is the original Greek and Hebrew, so what we compare all versions to is the best text we can produce, notour favourite translation. The KJV translators only had fewer than 12 manuscripts of the NT in Greek to work with. The following summary of principles is taken from the compilation in Epp and Fee,Studies in the Theory and Method of New Testament Textual Criticism(1993, pages 157-8). In fact, Constantine had ordered 50 copies of the whole of the Bible for the church in Constantinople. I think the Lucian recession theory has been rejected by the majority of textual scholars, but i may be mistaken. Jun 29, 2006. They started the Ghostly Guild in 1851 and before that the Hermes Club in 1845. [5] In this they followed one of the primary principles of their fledgling textual criticism, lectio brevior, sometimes taken to an extreme, as in the theory of Western non-interpolations, which has since been rejected. This is consistent with Riplingers claim; however, it had no bearing on his ability or skills as a textual scholar to produce and publish The New Testament in the Original Greek, a Greek-language version of the New Testament, which, again, published in 1881. To ignore these developments is to switch off our brains; now, we dont want to do that do we? Chapter 8: Westcott and Hort - part 1. In fact they had no Greek at all for part of the book of Revelation so they had to conjecturally amend (make a best guess) what the section actually said. Subsequently other critical editions appeared, including those prepared by Constantin von Tischendorf, whose eighth edition (186972) remains a monumental thesaurus of variant readings, and the influential edition prepared by two Cambridge scholars, B. F. Westcott and F. J. 4. (2.20), The reading is to be preferred that best conforms to the usual style of the author and to that authors material in other passages. Burgon, Miller, and Scrivener in their third argument continued with the belief that it would be foolish to set aside thousands of manuscript witnesses (the Byzantine text-type) for a few supposedly early manuscript witnesses (the Alexandrian text-type). (1881). The W-H text of 1881 and the latest edition of the United Bible Societies text differ only in relatively minor points. These are commonly called the MINORITY TEXTS, but they are also known to many as the corrupted manuscripts. Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia,Novum Testamentum Graece28th Edition (NA28), United Bible Societies 5th Edition (UBS5). Brooke Foss Westcott(18251901) andFenton John Anthony Hort(18281892) were nineteenth-century theologians and Bible and textual scholars. In short, the Westcott and Hort theory states that the Bible is to be treated as any other book would be. This combination of claim and quote comes from the July/August 1993 issue of Battle Cry, the newspaper put out by Jack Chick. Vol. 1881 Westcott-Hort New Testament (WHNU). To use the KJV as a baseline so that anything different to it is changing the word of God. List Of Bible Trivia Questions And Answers. When Westcott and Hort did their work, they found very little change had occurred to scriptures over the centuries. These 5000 agree perfectly as to what happened. [2] Studies in the Theory and Method of New Testament Textual .., https://www.logos.com/product/46572/studies-in-the-theory-and-method-of-new-test (accessed June 12, 2016). These differences are minor. This book was not read in the same manner that Christians would read their Bibles today. Together, they produced The New Testament in the Original Greek of 1881, the pinnacle of textual studies by dozens of textual scholars since the days of Erasmus in 1536. A textual critic is one who picks and chooses what part of whose story they will believe to be true. And the 1611 KJV translators said in the 1611 PREFACE that a new revision should be made upon such circumstances. () In many instances where I would disagree with the wording in the Nestle / UBS text in favor of a particular variant reading, I would later check with the Westcott and Hort text and realize that they had often come to the same decision. At the age of 23, in late 1851, Hort . The TR was the critical text of its day, there is no reason to think that God froze in time the text of that period. Released into the public domain by The Work of Gods Children (nonprofit corporation). Westcott and Hort began their work in 1853 and finished it in 1881, working . Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia for the Hebrew Bible,Dead Sea Scrolls consulted and referenced,Septuagint also consulted and compared for the OT and Deuterocanonicals,the Latin Vulgate for some parts of the Deuterocanonicals, and theUnited Bible Societies 3rd edition (UBS3) cross referenced to the 26th edition of the Greek New Testament (NA26)for the New Testament. It is not surprising, therefore, that modern version proponents today often disassociate themselves from Westcott-Hort and claim that they merely use an eclectic Greek text. It appears to me that in this, as in all spiritual questions, Holy Scripture is our supreme guide. It shows that the Church rejected them and did not read them. in front of those who oppose historic Christianity and know the facts. Comparable to theEnglish Standard Versionand theNew American Standard Bible. Many modern versions like the New International Version (450 million copies worldwide), English Standard Version, Holman Christian Standard Bible, New Living Translation, New Century Version, Amplified Bible, New English Translation and New American Standard Bible have been produced by the finest Bible believing scholars in the world. (11) If the KJVOist advocates are correct and the copyists for the Byzantine text DID NOT make all of the additions to the Greek text but rather the Alexandrian copyists removed them, why do the 140+ papyri manuscripts discovered in the 1930s the 1950s date with decades of the originals, 200 years before the 4th-century Alexandrian Vaticanus and Sinaiticus and 350 years before the earliest 5th-century Byzantine text looks just like the Alexandrian of manuscripts? Now take your Bibles and look at Mark 16:9-20. They have dedicated themselves to learn Hebrew, Greek and Aramaic, they have studied for decades the available manuscripts and have produced these translations as the fruit of their learning. Once we understand that we become aware of some of the shortcomings of the KJV. Other translations such as the New Revised Standard Version, New English Bible, Contemporary English Version and Jerusalem Bible also include Evangelical, Bible-believing scholars and many others all of whom have the highest academic credibility. 68 days ago. This article may not be written by an Apostolic author, but it contains many excellent principles and concepts that can be adapted to most churches. He has been working in the apologetic area since his teens. GW edition: NT:Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament27th edition. (7) Which is inerrant the Latin Vulgate Erasmus used to make some of the Textus Receptus or the Byzantine texts? The international committee that produced the United Bible Societies Greek New Testament, not only adopted the Westcott and Hort edition as its basic text but followed their methodology in giving attention to both external and internal consideration. Isnt it better to trust that God preserved His Word in the 5000+ witnesses rather than the five witnesses who do not agree with each other? Masoretic Text, Greek New Testament of Erasmus, the Vulgate, and theLuther Bible. The Western text-type is much older, but tends to paraphrase, so according to the critical text view also lacks dependability. (4) If there are no textual differences in the 4,000 Byzantine texts (which there are), what was the Word of God before the fifth-century Byzantine text of Codex Alexandrinus (400-440 A.D.)? The new Bible versions are not based on Erasmus' Textus Receptus. Which Bible do you think is more reliable? - DNA in the Bible, Secret to Church Growth by Tim Massengale, Church Growth Must be Intentional by Tim Massengale, Faith Goal Setting Only Works When You Do It By Tim Massengale, Home Bible Study Success By Tim Massengale, Relationship Evangelism by Tim Massengale, Key Elements of Church Growth by Tim Massengale. What New Testament Textual Studies Sources Do We Have? (12) THE PREFACE to the 1611 KJV by the translators says the KJV was a revision of the 16th-century translations of Coverdale, Tyndale, the Great Bibles, and others. Codex Vatican (B) Apologetic Defense of the faith, the Bible, and Christianity, Please Support the Bible Translation Work for the Updated American Standard Version (UASV) http://www.uasvbible.org. The result of it all is a methodological quagmire where objective controls on the conclusions of critics are nearly nonexistent. To start with a doctrine and then correct or prefer a Bible translation because of it is, frankly, the wrong way around!! A. Hort (1828-1892), the towering pioneers of the textual criticism of the Greek New Testament. Westcott-Hort influence most "modern" translations, even if they don't follow exactly the full changes Westcott-Hort made (NIV more, NASB less). (Eclectic means to select or employ individual elements from a variety of sources, systems, or styles.). They are not aware nor concerned that almost all the modern Bible versions of our day are built upon the Greek Text of Westcott and Hort, commonly called the Westcott-Hort text. They are NOTHING when we look at the nearly 6,000 differences, many being quite substantial between the Alexandrian Critical Text and the Textus Receptus. (14) Why is the earlier Byzantine text more similar to the Alexandrian text in that it differs from the later Byzantine text in roughly 3000 places? Since the original books of the Bible do not exist anymore, it becomes necessary to translate the Bible from copies of the original. Textual scholars use the abbreviations "WH" [1] or "WHNU". To hold to varying forms of King James Only or Textus Receptus Only has caused great harm to the Christian Church; it confuses people. They sought out contact with the spiritual world (talking with the dead, etc.). J.P. Hyatt, New York: Abingdon Press, 1965, p. 370). I would venture to say that their doctrinal positions are not perfect, especially when they were younger because no one has perfect doctrinal positions. If they had been good manuscripts, they would have been read to pieces long ago. A. Hort in 1881 who would put the nails in the coffin of the Textus Receptus. This was an early Catholic attempt to translate the Bible into English from the original Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek languages instead of from the Latin Vulgate. The above article, Modern Bible Versions, and Westcott and Hort was written by Tim Pederson. The influence of their methods blackens and corrupts every modern translation of the Bible available (NIV, NASB, NKJV, NRSV, NAB, REB, RSV, CEV, TEV, GNB, LIVING, PHILLIPS, NEW JERUSALEM, NEW CENTURY, and the New Word Translation). So, what was the New Testament Text before the 9th century when the Byzantine came to be the majority and up until that time the Alexandrian was the majority? In the above Bible translations, you can see that verses 44 and 46 are omitted in the main text with the omission noted in the footnote. Totaling to 7,320 places. Had B (Vaticanus) and ALEPH (Sinaiticus) been copies of average purity, they must long since have shared the inevitable fate of books which are freely used and highly prized; namely, they would have fallen into decadence and disappeared from sight. (weak textual evidence). In 1892, a revised edition was released by F. C. Tyndales other Old Testament work went into the Matthews Bible (1537). Therefore it is unwise for the sincere Christian to readily accept modern Bible translations assuming them to be accurate and faithful to the Word of God. Second, a number of old Byzantine and Western manuscripts are in good condition as well, which by this argument would indicate that they are also guilty of never having been read because they were full of errors, alterations, additions and deletions, so they would have had little chance of wear and tear. It is a critical text (master Greek text of the NT seeking to ascertain the original For these, we're using KJV and NKJV as examples of Textus Receptus, and as a representative of Westcott-Hort, the NIV (and also the NASB or the New American Standard Bible). The New Testament in the Original Greek is a Greek-language version of the New Testament published in 1881.It is also known as the Westcott and Hort text, after its editors Brooke Foss Westcott (1825-1901) and Fenton John Anthony Hort (1828-1892). He has authored 220+ books. This Bible is in the public domain in the United States. Modern English (GW) & Early Modern English (KJV). Once we understand that we become aware of some of the shortcomings of the KJV. This Greek NT was the basis for the Revised Version of that same year. We do not have space nor the time to offer a full-scale argument against the King James Version Only and the Textus Receptus Only groups. The following is information is take from two sources, G.A. Westcott and Hort were spiritualists. However the majority of these manuscripts agree with each other almost perfectly. Westcott and Hort were the original textual critics of their day. There are a number of theories about text types and families which have some intellectual and academic credibility. To refute this, we can go back to our patristic quotations, which reveal the Alexandrian text-type as earlier than the Byzantine text-type. However, Westcott and Hort's work was not perfect. Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia,Novum Testamentum Graece27th Edition, United Bible Societies 4th Edition. The translators said they expect new revisions of their KJV translation when more manuscripts come to light, and if there was an improved understanding of Hebrew and Greek, there should be revisions. Christian Publishing House Blog, HOW ACCURATE WAS/IS THE 1881 WESTCOTT AND HORT GREEK NEW TESTAMENT? To learn more about Bible versions and the many problems with modern translations, consider the following: David Otis Fuller, D. D. Which Bible Grand Rapids International Publications, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49501, David Otis Fuller, D. D. Counterfeit Or Genuine Mark 16? You may unsubscribe from Bible Gateways emails at any time. Brooke Westcott and Fenton Hort's new Greek text became the Greek Nestle-Aland and UBS textbooks used by most Catholic and Protestant translators today. The World English Bible is based on the American Standard Version of the Holy Bible first published in 1901, the Biblia Hebraica Stutgartensa Old Testament, and the Greek Majority Text New Testament. There have been thousands of manuscripts discovered since 1611, and we now have 5,898 Greek NT manuscripts and numerous ones dating within decades of the originals. They are anything but. During the twentieth century, with the discovery of several New Testament manuscripts much older than any that had hitherto been available, it has become possible to produce editions of the New Testament that approximate ever more closely to what is regarded as the wording of the original documents.[5]. In one sense it matters not. A fresh translation/paraphrase into contemporary language and idiom by Eugene Peterson. Jeromes Latin Vulgate, produced in the 5thcentury to make the Bible accessible to all, became a means of keeping Gods Word hidden. Have you ever read Pickerings book? They have dedicated themselves to learn Hebrew, Greek and Aramaic, they have studied for decades the available manuscripts and have produced these translations as the fruit of their learning, humbly submitting themselves to Christ as they do it. Brooke Foss Westcott (1825 1901) Christian Publishing House Blog, Fenton John Anthony Hort (1828 1892) Christian Publishing House Blog, CHOOSING THE BEST BIBLE TRANSLATION JUST GOT EASIER! We should note that the above quote was made much later in the life of Wescott. Westcott I reject the word infallibility of Holy Scriptures overwhelmingly. Riplinger, pg 622, Hort Evangelicals seem to me perverted. For centuries, manuscripts were preserved, even when the Catholic priests could no longer understand them. [citation needed], The edition of Westcott and Hort began a new epoch in the history of textual criticism. Today we can easily produce thousands of copies of a faulty manuscript with a machine, and every copy displays the same errors. The Westcott-Hort text is an eclectic text. At Constantinople, it became the predominant form of the New Testament throughout the Greek-speaking world. If we were to hand-copy the same manuscript a thousand times, obvious errors probably would be corrected in many copies, but new errors would be introduced, many of them probably the result of a well-intended correction. A textual criticism principle that has been derived from this observation is that manuscripts should be weighed (i.e. Nida (a follower of Westcott-hort) had already formally entered into a Concordat with the Vatican through the United Bible Societies back in 1966, when the UBS became the front line publishers of the Greek Text used in all protestant seminaries around the world, and it still is today. . What I write here is not an attack on the KJV it is an attempt to show how God continues to give us more knowledge and information which we must value and appreciate. They also believed that the combination of Codex Bezae with the Old Latin and the Old Syriac represents the original form of the New Testament text, especially when it is shorter than other forms of the text, such as the majority of the Byzantine text-type. My fatherceasedto interest himself in these matters, not altogether, I believe, fromwant offaith in what, for lack of a better name, one must call Spiritualism, but becausehe was seriously convinced that such investigations led to no good. (Life and Letters of Brooke Foss Westcott, Vol. According to Bruce M. Metzger, "the general validity of their critical principles and procedures is widely acknowledged by scholars today. 2) They denied the Genesis account of creation and questioned whether Eden ever existedInstead they praised Darwins 1859 theory of evolution. There are plenty of KJVOs who dont believe Calvin was saved for the same reason. If you have a King James Bible you see it is about the resurrected Christ,.quite an important part of Scripture. We dont even know what part of which text they used and where! It is in draft form, and currently being edited for accuracy and readability. Many modern versions like the New International Version (450 million copies worldwide), English Standard Version, H, , New Living Translation, New Century Version, A, and New American Standard Bible have been produced by the finest Bible believing scholars in the world. However, there is a problem, there was no Byzantine text for the first four centuries, and the Byzantine text did not become the majority of the manuscripts until the 9th century. It is the text type favored by the majority of modern textual critics and it is the basis for most modern (after 1900) Bible translations. This Greek New Testament was the basis for the Revised Version of that same year. In 1844 part of another old manuscript (Codex Sinaiticus) was found in a wastebasket in St. Catheriness monastery (the other part was found in 1859). I have used the NIV for comparison. The same principles apply to groups of manuscripts (2.260-61). In addition, they gave due weight to internal evidence, intrinsic probability and transcriptional probability, that is, what the original author most likely wrote and wherein a copyist may most likely have made a mistake. Their names are as follows: The 1881 British Revised Version (RV), also known as the English Revised Version (ERV) of the King James Version, and the 1881 New Testament Greek text of Westcott and Hort did not sit well with the King-James-Version-Only[3] advocate John William Burgon (18131888), E. H. A. Scrivener (18131891), and Edward Miller (18251901), the latter authoring A Guide to the Textual Criticismof the New Testament (1886). In 1981 Metzger said: The international committee that produced the United Bible Societies Greek New Testament, not only adopted the Westcott and Hort edition as its basic text, but followed their methodology in giving attention to both external and internal consideration. Brooke Foss Westcott (an Anglican bishop and professor at Cambridge University) and Fenton John Anthony Hort (also an ordained priest and professor at Cambridge) produced a Greek New Testament in 1881 based on the findings of Tischendorf. How did the Greek text develop from Desiderius Erasmus to Robert Estienne to Thodore Beza, and did any of the editions have a critical apparatus with variants, and did any of these men consult any Alexandrian manuscripts? How Reliable Are the Early Texts of the New Testament? However there are similarities because the improvement in scholarship from the mid 19th century on benefited WH and modern critical texts (critical is not a negative thing it refers to the detail and analysis that has gone into producing it). It is unwise to use these KJV verses in apologetics due to the very clear textual evidence against them, evidence well known to Jehovahs Witnesses. 2. About 290 C.E., some of his associates made various subsequent alterations, which deliberately combined elements from earlier types of text, and this text was adopted about 380 C.E. Of course, the motivation behind the King James Version Onlyist would certainly argue otherwise. The new Christian Standard Bible (CSB) is a major revision of the 2009 edition of theHolman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB). Masoretic Text, the GreekNew Testament of Erasmus, Vulgate, and German and Swiss-German Bibles (Luther Bible,Zrich BibleandLeo Juds Bible), First complete Bible printed in English (Early Modern English). However, we will address what amounts to their main arguments. The KJV is a translation like all others. Tregelles, Tischendorf, Westcott and Hort). Even the casual reader of the Bible, if he were to compare a modern translation (NIV) with the KJV, will easily find numerous differences between the two (Consider Revelation 1:11, Heb. OFFERINGS can be mailed or made online with with Visa, Mastercard, Discover, or Paypal. in front of those who oppose historic Christianity, . 2:16, Col. 2:9). Further, if we cannot demonstrate the Trinity without this one verse we need to learn to be better Bible students. (1) If Gods Word is only found in the 1611 KJV, where was Gods Word from 100 A.D. 1610 A.D.? That the traditional text was intrinsically superior was more nearly a matter of subjective opinion; but extensive comparison of text-types has left most scholars convinced that the late text [Byzantine] is in general inferior, not superior.[4], The Alexandrian text, which Westcott and Hort called the Neutral text (a question-begging title), is usually considered to be the best text and the most faithful in preserving the original. John is married to Janet they have three grown up children and two grandogs. Our primary goal with the FBIS is to provide material to assist preachers in the edification and protection of the churches. The Western Peshitto is virtually the same as the Eastern Peshitta, besides the addition of 2Peter, 2John, 3John, Jude and Revelation. . Sharing Policy: When voices started saying that the Gospel of John was a much later invention (as late as 200AD) we discovered papyrus fragment p.52 dated at probably 115AD from almost as soon as the ink was dry on the original!! Thirdly, nothing in the quote (or surrounding material) even hints at public alarm, let alone considerable or even Westcotts son admitting such. The New Testament in the Original Greek is a Greek-language version of the New Testament published in 1881. Revision of the Revised Standard Version. The one who writes the earliest manuscripts.. is the man we call a textual critic. Otherwise, they would have worn out and disappeared through much reading.. also include Evangelical, Bible-believing scholars and many others all of whom have the highest academic credibility. The Sahidic and Bohairic versions frequently contain typically Alexandrian readings .
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